Gold Fields has been one of the South African companies that has been quickest to update on the impact of the power rationing on South African mining. Gold Fields’ production for the current quarter is forecast to decline by between 20% and 25% against the December quarter, as a result of the total suspension of production for one full week due to power constraints, continued power rationing, and the seasonal impact of the Christmas break. It is further confirmed that, as a consequence of the 10% power reduction imposed by Eskom, sustainable production at Gold Fields’ South African operations is likely to decline by between 15 and 20% from the June quarter onwards, as previously advised. Eskom has indicated that the current quota of 90% of average historic electricity consumption will remain in force for at least five years, through to 2012. To achieve the 10% reduction in electricity consumption imposed by Eskom the following actions are proposed:
The Number 6 and 7 shafts as well as the 9 shaft Depth Extension Project at Driefontein, and the Number 3 and 8 shafts at Kloof Gold Mine, are to be mothballed, closed or scaled back, potentially affecting approximately 4,900 employees at these two mines.
South Deep gold mine is to be restructured as a result of the depletion of the Ventersdorp Contact Reef horizon above 95-level and a new strategy implemented which focuses primarily on the completion of the twin shaft infrastructure and development capital programmes. This too is unfortunately compounded by the power rationing. The total number of South Deep employees potentially affected is approximately 2,000.
Production at Beatrix Gold Mine is unlikely to be affected by the reduction in power supply.
The total number of employees and contractors potentially affected at all of Gold Fields’ South African mines is 6,900 out of a total employee population of 53,000.
Engagement with all relevant stakeholders, including Unions and Associations, have commenced with a view to ameliorating the impact on affected employees. All alternatives will be considered to save jobs, including options such as early retirement, voluntary retrenchments, contractor replacement and redeployment elsewhere in the group. The National Union of Mineworkers however asked management to hold back on the issue of “section 189 letters” commencing formal retrenchment discussions, until the Union had completed a series of meetings with Government and the Chamber of Mines.
Terence Goodlace, Head of South African Operations for Gold Fields Limited, said: “The inability of Eskom to supply the mines their full power requirements, and to commit to additional electricity demand for new mining projects currently in development, has caused a significant crisis in the South African mining industry. It is paradoxical that we have to consider downscaling in the current record-high gold price environment. To ensure sustainability of production and the security of the associated jobs, albeit at reduced levels, all available electrical power will have to be directed to higher margin, revenue generating shafts, at the expense of lower margin shafts and the Driefontein 9 shaft development project.”
The above proposals were determined only after extensive and thorough review, including the following:
In order to optimise the use of available electricity, and to ameliorate the impact on production, a number of electricity savings and optimisation projects are at various stages of implementation on all mines. All non-essential electricity use has been stopped;
Gold Fields operations have implemented a number of demand-side management projects, diverting approximately 50 MW of electricity consumption to off-peak periods. Projects to divert a further 100 MW is currently in progress or awaiting approval from Eskom;
All operational plans and capital projects have been restated within the constraints of available electricity, and to divert available electricity to higher margin areas at the expense of lower margin areas and non-essential capital projects.
Gold Fields is currently controlling its average power usage to 540 MW, down from the historical average of 601 MW.
To provide some safeguard against future electricity cut-backs from the current 90% level, a number of opportunities for self-generation of electricity at the different mines are currently undergoing feasibility studies. Gold Fields is to spend some R200 million on additional emergency power to safeguard employees in the case of a total blackout. The health and safety of employees remains top priority. This programme is to be completed by calendar year end.
At Driefontein it is proposed that a) Driefontein 6 shaft be placed in a phased closure with only cleaning and reclamation activities taking place until final closure by December 2008, and b) Driefontein 7 shaft be mothballed with immediate effect. It is also proposed that the Driefontein 9 Shaft Depth Extension Project be suspended and deferred and the electrical power currently being utilised at 9 shaft will be re-directed to the number 3 plant. The 9 shaft project is a life extension project and includes shaft sinking; the construction of a sub vertical shaft complex; and the completion of infrastructure required to access 8.5 million ounces of gold reserves from depths of 3,500 to 4,120 m below surface. This project would extend the life of the Driefontein Gold Mine from approximately 2025 to 2035. The suspension of the 9 shaft project ensures that Gold Fields can fund the capital programme at South Deep.
Specialist shaft sinking contractors were awarded the mining contract to develop the Depth Extension project and 930 people currently employed on the project would be affected by the suspension of work on the project. Capital expenditure of approximately R 5.4 billion over the next ten years was planned on the development of this project. This new mine would require an energy demand of approximately 110 MW and a guarantee from Eskom of their ability to supply this future energy to meet the planned production requirements.
In the March 2008 quarter production from Driefontein Gold Mine is expected to decline by 1,500kg to approximately 5,900kg and total cash costs is likely to increase from R94,390/kg to R116,250/kg. The bulk of this impact is attributable to the week long power shut down during the quarter, followed by lower production with the constraint of only 90% of power, with some contribution from the seasonal decline due to the Christmas break.
Steady state sustainable production from the June 2008 quarter and onwards should decline by approximately 608kg to approximately 6,800kg per quarter at cash costs of approximately R102,150/kg compared to the December 2007 quarter.
In total approximately 2,600 of Driefontein’s 18,500 employees (including contractors) may be affected.
At Kloof it is proposed that Kloof 8 shaft be mothballed and production terminated with a loss of approximately 300 kg of gold per quarter. Pumping infrastructure in the shaft would be maintained. Kloof 3 shaft would be scaled back and production reduced by approximately 510 kg per quarter to 840 kg per quarter.
In the March 2008 quarter production from Kloof Gold Mine is likely to decline by 1,700 to 5,450 kg and total cash costs is likely to increase from R91,029/kg to R115,200/kg. The bulk of this impact is attributable to the week long power shut down during the quarter, followed by lower production with the constraint of only 90% of power with some contribution from the seasonal decline due to the Christmas break.
Steady state sustainable production from the June 2008 Quarter and onwards should decline by approximately 1,270kg to approximately 5,910kg per quarter at cash costs of approximately R104,061/kg compared to the December 2007 Quarter.
The mine has formally requested an additional 8 MW from Eskom due to difficulties experienced in reestablishing safe production levels. Additional electricity is required to operate a recently commissioned refrigeration plant, a recently commissioned underground booster fan, and pumping requirements.
In total approximately 2,300 of Kloof’s 17,200 employees (including contractors) may be affected.
Since acquiring South Deep in January 2007 the mine has not achieved the planned increased ore production as proposed in the feasibility study compiled by the previous joint venture owners (the Joint Venture Feasibility Study). The mine has produced on average 108,000 t/month of ore from underground, which is 71% of planned production, whilst incurring 105% of the full planned production costs.
A full strategic review of the existing mine plan has concluded that the current installed shaft infrastructure will not support the feasibility scope of mining activity which includes ore reserve development and the build-up of production to the envisaged 330,000 t/month. The South Deep Twin Shaft infrastructure is still under construction and has inadequate installed refrigeration, ventilation, water pumping and ore handling facilities.
The inability to reach previously planned levels of production has been compounded by recent structural geological changes, specifically in the conventional mining areas of the Ventersdorp Contact Reef (VCR). The conventional mining of the Ventersdorp Contact Reef (VCR) above 95-level intersected the Waterpan fault some 12 months earlier than predicted and this loss of mining face, in addition to the stopping of the two other VCR mining areas, which encountered poor ground and unsafe conditions, has resulted in no conventionally mineable areas being available to mine. As a consequence, all conventional VCR mining has been stopped.
To ensure that South Deep is optimally developed for the long-term benefit of all stakeholders, and to correct the constraints imposed by the incomplete shaft infrastructure and inadequate ore reserve development on the future viability of the mine, it is proposed to restructure the mine to address these constraints. The delivery of the capital infrastructure and the development of the ore body have to be the primary focus for the next 18 months.
During this period ore production will be constrained to between 80,000 and 100,000 t/month (200,000 oz of gold annualised) from only the mechanised trackless sections of the mine and, to a lesser extent, from the mechanised mining of the “de-stress cut”.
The proposed restructuring is likely to affect 2,000 of the 6,000 people (including contractors) employed at the South Deep mine.
Earlier indications were that it may have been possible to redeploy up to 1,530 of the affected South Deep employees to other operations in the Gold Fields Group. However, the imposition of the power rationing to 90%, and the affect that this is having on employment levels at, in particular Driefontein and Kloof, mitigates against this as an option.
The national power crisis would have required South Deep, at 90% of average power usage, to have reduced from 66 to 59 MW. South Deep could not have sustained the conventional mining section in the VCR at 59 MW. It is likely that this area would have been stopped on the basis of inadequate power, had the structural geological change not intervened.
In the March 2008 Quarter production from South Deep mine is likely to decline by 700 kg to approximately 1,400 kg and total cash costs is expected to increase from R147,719/kg to R237,200/kg. The bulk of this impact is attributable to the week long power shut down during the quarter, followed by lower production with the constraint of only 90% of power with some contribution from the seasonal decline due to the Christmas break. In addition the mine is still fully staffed for the now depleted conventional VCR mining section.
The production for the June 2008 quarter should decline by 860 kg to approximately 1,200 kg at cash costs of approximately R250,000/kg compared to the December 2007 quarter. Once restructuring is completed it is planned to operate the mine at unit costs of R160,000/kg with production at between 1,400 and 1,500 kg a quarter. Capital spend is planned at R1 billion for 2009 financial year.
Production at Beatrix gold mine will be unaffected by the electricity rationing as it is in a position to absorb the 10% reduction in electricity through a number of power savings and generation projects presently being implemented. This mine is less energy intensive than the deeper Driefontein and Kloof operations. In the March 2008 Quarter, production from Beatrix Gold Mine is expected to decline by 1,004 kg to approximately 2,644 kg and total cash costs may increase from R108,058/kg to R150,908/kg. The bulk of this impact is attributable to the week long power shut down during the quarter, followed by lower production with the constraint of only 90% of power with some contribution from the seasonal decline due to the Christmas break.
Steady state sustainable production from the June 2008 quarter and onwards should increase by 35 kg to approximately 3,733 kg per quarter at cash costs of approximately R108,210/kg compared to the December 2007 Quarter.