Tag Archives: lithium brines

Aether receives financial backing, targets lithium extraction opportunities

Aether has announced a $49 million Series A funding round to, it says, power the next industrial revolution by helping extract rare metals and create new materials, leading to a more resource-efficient and sustainable future.

The funding will be used to scale its platform and grow the company’s engineering, machine learning and hardware teams, Aether says.

Pavle Jeremic, CEO and founder of Aether, said: “Nature invented nano-scale machinery called proteins that can move and rearrange atoms. At Aether, we’re engineering these proteins to go beyond what nature intended to assemble new classes of molecules, transforming proteins into generalised molecular assemblers. Applications range from critical mineral extraction to the assembly of novel classes of materials with unprecedented properties.

“In the long term, these assemblers will enable the construction of effectively any product at extremely low costs.”

Aether’s Molecular Assembler Platform combines high-throughput robotics, machine learning and synthetic biology to map millions of enzyme-reaction combinations. By generating experimental data, the platform is able to engineer entirely new classes of nanoscale machines using protein building blocks called molecular assemblers, Aether says.

Trevor Zimmerman, co-founder and Managing Partner at Unless, one of the companies behind the recent funding, said: “Aether’s revolutionary platform builds upon nature’s machinery to deliver solutions that are cheaper, faster and greener than any current technology or process on the market. Current enzyme technologies are limited to catalysing natural-like reactions while Aether’s enzyme application space is far greater – unlocking enzymatic pathways to high-value chemicals that don’t have a natural pathway. For example, lithium complexation.”

While Aether’s assemblers can be used to create new molecules, they can also be used to extract molecules, such as metals. To do so, Aether’s molecular assemblers are introduced to a brine where they bond only to specified metal atoms, regardless of the concentration, the company explains. From there, Aether programs these assemblers to release the element into a new solution – one that is now highly concentrated with atoms of the specified element and void of other contaminants and unwanted materials. The company’s initial emphasis is on lithium, with plans to extract additional metals in the future, such as rare earth metals, titanium and other critical minerals.

By using its molecular assemblers, Aether says it can extract lithium from previously untapped sources – increasing domestic production by 30 times. Additionally, because this process takes place via a closed-loop system without the use of harsh chemicals, virtually any water used in the process can be safely returned to the source, requiring 50,000 times less water than evaporative methods used in South America’s so-called Lithium Triangle.

Aether says it will initially focus its lithium extraction efforts in the southern, middle portions of USA, including Oklahoma and Arkansas, where subterranean lithium exists in sizeable amounts but at lower concentrations. Texas and Oklahoma will also be key areas of focus given the company’s unique ability to extract lithium from oil and gas wastewater byproducts, as well as capped oil wells.

Grounded Lithium to test Koch Technology Solutions DLE solution

Grounded Lithium Corp (GLC) has signed a lithium processing test work program agreement with Koch Technology Solutions (KTS) to determine the efficacy of KTS’s proprietary Li-Pro™ technology for direct lithium extraction (DLE) on brine from the company’s properties in Canada.

Under the agreement, GLC’s brine will be processed using KTS’s proprietary Li-Pro technology at a Koch Engineered Solutions (KES) location in Pickering, Ontario, Canada.

KTS is developing and leveraging synergistic technologies such as membrane filtration, ion exchange, evaporation, drying and more to provide an optimised DLE solution. KTS, Grounded Lithium says, has decades of experience in the development and transfer of advantaged technologies and will apply these capabilities working with GLC during this testing phase.

The selection of KTS for brine extraction testing and evaluation is in line with the company’s previous communications involving its engagement with Hatch Ltd and the process to screen a number of diverse potential DLE technologies. The selection of KTS, and a soon to be announced second candidate, stems from extensive and deliberate screening procedures conducted by Hatch and GLC’s internal expertise. The Koch agreement’s scope includes brine characterisation and pre-treatment, followed by scoping lithium loading, washing and elution testing.

The results from the agreement are expected to be completed in the next 6-8 weeks. Upon a review of these results, GLC plans to make a final selection of the optimum extraction technology which will form part of the preliminary economic assessment (PEA), expected to be filed by the end of the June quarter.

Gregg Smith, President & CEO of GLC, said: “GLC remains committed to our vision to build a commercial resource project by leveraging the technical expertise of those focused on extraction technology. We are delighted to be working with KTS to assess their Li-Pro process to determine if it supports our commerciality objective. Koch is a world-renowned company and we look forward to potentially partnering with entities such as Koch which provide scale, scope, expertise and credibility.”

Adam Sackett, KTS President, added: “We are thrilled to be selected as a potential lithium extraction solution for Grounded’s lithium operations. At KTS, we are committed to developing advantaged technologies and see the potential to apply our expertise to a growing global critical minerals industry for the benefit of our stakeholders. We look forward to conducting this evaluation and are confident our process will yield positive results leading to a mutually beneficial technology partnership.”

SLR validates International Battery Metals’ modular, mobile lithium extraction tech

International Battery Metals Ltd says SLR International Corporation (SLR), a leader in environmental and engineering services, has completed its independent review of IBAT’s first-of-its-kind modular, mobile lithium extraction plant and verified the patented technology extracts more than 65% of available lithium from brine, effectively strips out impurities and recycles and reuses more than 94% of water.

The third-party independent review also confirmed the robust modular design of the plant and ease of transportation and relocation, which could allow access and a means to capitalise on a more diverse range of lithium-bearing brine resources globally, including smaller sites in varied terrain – such as those in the US – that are currently considered uneconomical due to the current, dominant extraction technologies, according to the company.

“The results of this independent review are a strong validation of our ground-breaking technology,” Dr John Burba, IBAT CEO, said. “IBAT’s technology is faster and more economical because it can be built, deployed and brought online in a fraction of the time, and at a fraction of the cost of traditional lithium mining models and, further, we can extract more lithium from a given resource with less environmental impact than any other available technology.”

The modular direct lithium extraction (MDLE) plant located in Lake Charles, Louisiana, has been flow testing lithium-bearing brine since early May 2022, and extracting lithium chloride (LiCl) since mid-May, making IBAT the first company globally to successfully operate a commercial-scale mobile lithium extraction plant, it says.

“From the beginning, our goal has been to create a technology that is environmentally friendlier than any technology currently in operation, while demonstrating consistently superior lithium recovery, scalability and mobility, and we believed we could do it all at a lower cost,” Dr Burba said. “We are thrilled that a team as experienced, technically skilled and globally-renowned as SLR were able to validate the technology on our first operational and commercially available plant.”

The SLR review, International Battery Metals says, assessed and confirmed:

  • The modularity and mobility of the plant design;
  • The ability to extract lithium, including:
    • Lithium extraction from the source lithium-bearing brine; and
    • Recovery of quality lithium chloride (LiCl) from the absorbent
  • Efficiency of impurity rejection;
  • Performance consistency through multiple cycles; and
  • Water recovery determined from water balance calculation.

As configured, the plant is designed to produce 5,738 t/y of LiCl, or 5,000 t/y of lithium carbonate equivalent from a brine with a lithium concentration of 1,800 parts per million (ppm) of lithium.

SLR’s operational review consisted of observation of continuous processing of a brine, containing 300 ppm of lithium, through the plant and monitoring the solution chemistry by sampling at regular intervals to determine the performance of the process equipment and the absorption media through three loading and elution (extraction with a solvent) cycles.

The brine was sourced in the US and delivered in significant volume to the plant via tanker truck. In the first phase of extraction from the raw brine, SLR found that “lithium extraction for the three cycles ranged from 72.6% Li to 87.5% Li with an average extraction of 81% Li”. In the second phase, which recovers the lithium from the absorbent material to develop commercial-grade lithium chloride and lithium carbonate, recovery “ranged from 58.3% Li to 89.0% Li with an average of 68.8% Li”.

This is significantly higher than the industry-wide average of 50% for evaporative lithium processing, based on data from the National Renewable Energy Agency (NREL), a laboratory of the US Department of Energy, the company said.

An important part of IBAT’s MDLE process is the selectivity of the absorbent, which strips out the lithium but leaves other naturally occurring elements in the brine, which allows the brine to be reintroduced into the environment, vastly reducing the overall environmental impact.

Specifically, the SLR report states that the tests: “indicate the clear selectivity of the absorption media in favour of lithium over calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium. During the absorption cycle, the lithium concentration of the spent brine decreases from a fresh feed concentration of approximately 300 ppm Li to approximately 10 ppm Li while the concentrations of the impurity metals remain essentially unchanged.”

Thanks to its modular design, the Lake Charles plant has the potential to be expanded to produce up to 20,000 t/y of LiCl, based on the capacity and composition of the brine resource.

E3 Metals receives provincial funding for Direct Lithium Extraction pilot

Canada-based E3 Metals says it has received a government grant totalling C$1.8 million ($1.4 million) from Alberta Innovates that will assist it in funding a pilot plant to test out its proprietary Direct Lithium Extraction (DLE) technology.

DLE technology, the company says, seamlessly connects conventional oil field and lithium processing, with the potential to unlock Alberta’s previously untapped lithium resources.

This direct brine process produces a concentrate feedstock that could be turned into lithium hydroxide using conventional production equipment, according to the company, with the benefit of DLE being that it can achieve at least 20 times to almost 100 times concentration of lithium (up to 5,300 mg/L) with a reduction of over 99% of all impurities and an extraction time of hours. This is achieved with average lithium recoveries of over 90%, the company says.

“E3 Metals’ goal is to commercialise its global-scale lithium resource and deliver zero carbon emissions, battery grade lithium products to the growing electric vehicle supply chain,” it said.

The funding provided by Alberta Innovates is to support the demonstration E3 Metals’ DLE technology by progressively scaling it up from the lab prototype to a field pilot. The first step will be a prototype operating within E3 Metals’ Calgary lab, and then a field pilot operating continuously on a site within E3 Metals’ resource area in Alberta.

“By demonstrating the process at a pilot scale over numerous months, the company plans to significantly de-risk its Alberta lithium project prior to scaling up to the anticipated commercial scale of 20,000 t/y lithium hydroxide monohydrate,” it said.

Alberta Innovates is a provincially funded corporation with a mandate to deliver 21st century solutions for the most compelling challenges facing Albertans, E3 Metals says. It does this by building on the province’s research and technology development strengths in the core sectors of health, environment, energy, and food and fibre, and platforms such as clean technology, digital technology for business transformation, data-enabled innovation, and innovative production and distribution.

E3 Metals has 7 Mt of lithium carbonate equivalent inferred mineral resources in Alberta within the Leduc Reservoir. Some 1.9 Mt of this is confined within its Clearwater lithium project.

Schlumberger aims to fast-track lithium brine extraction with DLE technology

Schlumberger New Energy has announced the development of a lithium extraction pilot plant in Clayton Valley, Nevada, through its new venture, NeoLith Energy.

The NeoLith Energy sustainable approach uses a differentiated direct lithium extraction (DLE) process to enable the production of high-purity, battery-grade lithium material while reducing the production time from over a year to weeks, the company claims.

“This innovative process can create new market opportunities for lithium extraction and battery manufacturing economy, and maximise the value of the lithium-rich resource base in Nevada with cutting-edge extraction technology,” it said.

NeoLith Energy’s pilot plant is a step towards a full-scale, commercial lithium production facility. The pilot plant results will be used to optimise the design of the full-scale production plant.

The production plant will use an environmentally friendly method for subsurface brine extraction and lithium production that requires a significantly smaller footprint and reduces water consumption by over 85% compared with current methods for lithium extraction from brine, it said.

Ashok Belani, Schlumberger New Energy Executive Vice President, said: “Nevada lithium resources present an excellent opportunity to demonstrate a leap in production efficiency with a more sustainable approach. Schlumberger’s expertise in the subsurface domain, development of process technology, and global deployment of technology at scale with various partners all play an important role in the innovation and efficiency of our DLE process. We are accelerating the deployment of our pilot plant in response to the high market demand for battery-grade lithium material.”

The pilot plant’s deployment is part of the Pure Energy Minerals agreement with Schlumberger New Energy for the development of its Nevada lithium brine property, using advanced technology to process the brine and extract high-purity lithium, maximising the lithium resource recovery.

Pure Energy Minerals previously developed a pilot plant design for the extraction of lithium brine through a design led by Tenova Advanced Technologies with significant contributions from SUEZ Water Technologies & Solutions, a business unit of SUEZ Group, and NORAM Engineering & Constructors. The facility at the project would have been the first pilot-scale implementation of the Tenova Process in the world, a process specifically designed to exclude solar pond evaporation, increase and accelerate lithium recovery, and reduce the associated environmental footprint of lithium production.

Commissioning of the DLE pilot plant will begin following receipt of all necessary permits, Schlumberger New Energy said. NeoLith Energy intends to begin operations before the end of 2021.

Schlumberger New Energy has invested more than $15 million in this DLE process and expects the development and operation of the pilot plant in Nevada to require a similar amount of investment.

This DLE process has the potential to disrupt the lithium economy by opening new opportunities to existing production regions and enabling new lithium production regions across the globe to meet the growing demand, it says.